Art History Nike of Samothrace

â€Å"Nike of Samothrace† was sculpted in second century AD during the hellenistic culture. This 8ft high sculpture was found on an island called Samothrace, north of the Aegean, and though beautifully carved, the artist is not known. It was discovered at a sanctuary in a harbor that faced the predominate wind. It was as if the wind was blowing directly on the sculpture itself. The Nike was made to act like a figure head on the prow of a ship, and though it never really was on a ship, it was the bow of a stone ship in a temple like building.The â€Å"Nike of Samothrace† is greatly appreciated because of the strong force of motion, and realistic qualities, as well as its symbolic references to the Greek culture. The Greeks period has come a long way when we look at the way the Archaic/Egyptian period and Hellenistic period carved and shaped people. The Archaic and Egyptians sculpted people and clothes flat and simple. Their bodies did not twist very much and were pretty straight. The clothes on the people were basically just lines, or slits in the stone, and was not really realistic.Comparing this to the way the Hellenistic period carved their people, they used a lot of motion and movement. There people twisted in different directions as they would in real life, and their clothes were deeply carved and looked very real. The â€Å"Nike of Samothrace† was carved out of marble, and accurately shows texture in the wings, and the folds in the cloth. The Greek culture had studied and celebrated the body and they used their knowledge to show expressive forces in their art. They used hammers and chisels to create beautiful, realistic flows on the stone, and made it look like it was actually moving.The â€Å"Nike of Samothrace† is a carving beautiful, voluptuous woman in a flowing dress with two large wings out stretched behind her. This statue had lost her head and arms, but is still recognizable as the Nike of victory. Her body movements and intricate detail of her tunic is very dramatic as she seems to walk gracefully in a storm. The Nike was to be on the prow of a ship in the ocean, and that is strongly seen by the movement of her dress. You can practically see the strong winds whipping around her body as her skirt is blown behind and around her.The drapery is very graceful and strong as it is pulled in the direction of her body and one can practically see the energy in her movements. Her body is grounded by her legs as she strides forward. Her abdomen twists slightly as if finding balance in the wind, and her wings are aloft behind her as if she just landed in from a fierce headwind. The sheer chiton that she is wearing clings to her body as if it is wet from a hefty sea spray, billowing in the wind. Her body is proportionate, and accurately depicts the perfect body scale of a Greek goddess.The texture in her wings, and the fabric of her garment are very life-like and pick up light in their deep groves to make it lo ok more dramatic. The artist shows how he is able to carve the female body, portray realistic cloth, and convey victory and power in this statue. It is believable and relatable to the average person because of the stance in the body and the way the a strong wind would really blow around your clothes. The Nike of Victory has been resembled before in Greek art. This goddess represented the victory over war and contests. Therefore, it was shown on Greek coins, temples, and other important objects.The Nike of Victory is seen again in the carving â€Å"Nike Adjusting her Sandal† on the Temple of Athena. This Winged Nike leans down to adjust her sandal as her chiton slid off her shoulder. Similarly to the â€Å"Nike of Samothrace†, the â€Å"Nike Adjusting her Sandal† has large wings to balance her pose and decorative swirls of heavy pleated fabric that clings to her body. She appears to be delicate and light just as the â€Å"Nike of Samothrace†. The Nike of V ictory is seen with wings, intricately carved fabric, and with the scale of the â€Å"perfect body† it shows divinity and creates something that would be desired.She also was the messenger that spreads the news of victory, and that is something that Greeks hold in high regards and were always trying to obtain. The dramatic feel to the â€Å"Nike of Samothrace† brings out fierce emotions and give the onlooker the sense of accomplishment and encouragement. It conveys many emotions as it stands tall and strong. It's formate of the â€Å"perfect female body† and the precise folds of the cloth in motion, relates almost exactly to the style of the three goddess on the Parthenon frieze.However, the three goddesses appear to have just woken up from a relaxing sleep. They are calm and quiet and reveal the restful attitude of mellow goddess on Mt. Olympus. When looking at them you feel serene and peaceful, getting the calm feel of life as a god. The â€Å"Nike of Samothr ace† is obviously very different in that aspect. This goddess is ready to go to war as her stance is fierce and ready for anything. The goddess is responding to energy and natural forces whereas the Parthenon frieze goddesses are tranquil, composed, and o not seem to be worrying about much at all. The Statue of â€Å"Laocoon† is a carving of Laocoon and his sons struggling against large sea serpents trying to destroy them. You can clearly see the force of motion being pulled in many different directions. With their legs pushing one way, and their arms pulling another, and then with his head cocked back, you can se the different directions his bare muscles are being strained. This statue is very dynamic and conveys an emotion of urgency and fight, just as the â€Å"Nike of Samothrace† does.The way the Nike's body twists and is not flat and straight, is the same as the dramatic gesture in â€Å"Laocoon†. The Parthenon frieze, â€Å"Laocoon†, â€Å"Ni ke of Samothrace†, and even the â€Å"Nike Adjusting Her Sandal† all show the movement in a body as it would in real life. The way the fabric falls and the twist in the body make the statues feel and look more real and relatable. At this time in Greek culture respect for the gods was immense. They believed the gods were heroes and took sides to help out; obviously you would want to be in the gods favor.When carving the â€Å"Nike of Samothrace†, the artist made her to show the people that the gods were on their side and that they would have victory over their war and conflicts. The Nike was in the same style as all the Greek goddesses would have been, with the ideal body shape, flowing robs, and for the Nike's, large wings. She was placed in a temple to show her importance and divinity and to represent the power that Samothrace wanted to convey. She was carved to look like a real goddess, to bring victory over their sea fair, and to relate to the Greek culture ju st by who she was and who she related too.

German Expressionism Essay

German expressionism is one of the most fundamental movements of early cinema. With its basic foundation stemming from the creation of the Universum Film AG in 1917 by the German government, expressionism found a happy home in Germany until, arguably the late 1920s (Wolf). Expressionism changed the canvas of cinema with its technical innovations as well as its impact on Hollywood, not only with its borrowing of ideas, but with the emigration of German actors, writers, and directors to Hollywood, such as Murnau and his creation of Sunrise (Welsh, 98). American films at the same time as this movement in Germany were based in realism, with very distinct ideas of good and bad, comedy, and aesthetics. German film was seen as highly compound, with thick, perplexing stories that were more solicitous instead of being superficial. The notable works from this movement have been time tested references to the rise of cinema, and have been looked upon for reference in film genres in later years not only because of the innovation and place in history, but also for the overt artistic styling that has been difficult to match since. It seems as though German cinema, almost all together must be discussed in its own category. Just as French cinema, historically speaking, Germany has seemed to keep at least a somewhat independent cinema culture from that of Hollywood and its beginnings are either independent from Hollywood or influencing for the most part. Although its beginnings were earlier, â€Å"†¦the period roughly between 1897 and 1908, motion pictures in Germany had graduated from a side-show novelty to a fast developing form, if not of art, then certainly of popular entertainment† (Figge, 308). By 1909, however, hundreds of new cinemas were offering longer and more cohesive programs†, which laid the groundwork for the progressive technical explosion that was the Expressionist movement (Figgins, 308). Germany reached a height in silent cinema in the 1920s, the time after World War I (Wexman 38). This was a national time of crisis with most of the culpability of the Great War being put on Germany not only politically, but more enduringly and impactfully, economically; this created discord in the sociopolitical environment. Due to such social upheaval, film as seen as an expression of â€Å"counter activity† to the state of affairs in Germany (Wexman, 38). German expressionism is one of the more major film movements which helped mold the face of early cinema, and has had enduring impacts on the horror genre, film noir and is even seen trickling into modern day cinema. The innovations that came along with this movement are astounding, especially given the modicum of improvement in physical film itself, which one could argue, were brought about by the mass creative and artistic movement expressionism fundamentally is. Some of these technical aspects include a highly subjective and dynamic camera, design innovations including staging and set designs, and being the first movement to actually implement scripting of films (Dilman). Telltale signs of expressionism are the use of backlighting to create a sense of dimensionality and montage, and splicing the film together to make the story be more seamless and continuous, which was also a style used by the Soviet film movement (Figge, 313). Some of the indications of expressionism seem to be the anti-heroism, the complex philosophical and psychological plots and primarily urban settings. The scenes are intentionally shot to look staged, creating an alternate reality on screen with its highly geometric scapes, tilted stages, clashing vertical and horizontal lines and overshadowing. Indeed as Warm said, Expressionist film is art come to life (Wexman). Historical and mythological themes are very telling of this movement, as are abstract story lines that seem philosophically or psychologically provoking, fantastic ideas, and â€Å"careful visual patterns† (Wexman 40). Mythology obviously had an influence on Metropolis, as the machine in the film turns from robot into a pagan god, demanding the sacrifice of the workers. This constructs the notion that the machine is more important than the lives of the machinists, the way urban culture existed in the moment, machine is more important than man; progress is the most important idea in society, replacing a sense of community and order of nature. This idea of a crisis of modernity influenced many films in Germany throughout the 1920s. The idea of urban life being pitted against rural life is the subject of Sunrise, giving the audience the choice between the naive and desirable maternal figure in opposition to the fast, dark, evil â€Å"Vamp† woman from the city, embodying urban culture and its certain destruction of current livelihood. This again reiterates the theme of the unavoidable but unwanted nature of modern, urban life in opposition to the much-desired rural, complacently comfortable setting that was more trusting. The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari is seen as the height of expressionism (Welsh, 98). Without exaggerating, it is impossible to discuss expressionism without discussing Caligari, not just for the film advancements, but because it seems to be one of the most artistically set films of the time as well as being one of the truly first expressionist films to be made (although it is not the first), Caligari was, in an important sense, a blind alley for German films of this period, because it sought its identity outside the inherent possibilities of the film medium. In spite of the use of irises, medium shots, and crosscutting, it remains essentially theatrical†¦The point is significant, because at this time the question was being asked, ‘What can the movies do that the theatre can not do? ’ Caligari provided no clear answer to this challenge. (Figgins, 310-311) All of the characters are highly psychological, some being downright neurotic. This can be evidenced by the blurring of the lines of good and evil, the questioning of sanity and the feeling of helplessness of the main characters in the film, most notably, the Somnambulist who has absolutely no control over his doing. By being out of control, he can be seen as evading all of his worldly responsibilities, one can excuse his behavior (read: murdering of innocent townspeople) because it is not he who has the intention, but rather is being compelled into this anti-social behavior. With this in mind, it is easy to see expressionism being a symptomatic artistic release, emerging out of a post-war world turned upside down, where one must question their morals due to justification of war (especially because Germany was involved with unrestricted submarine warfare during World War I), and coming to terms with shouldering the majority of the responsibility for the casualties. Themes of expressionism carried over into Hollywood’s birth of the American horror genre of the 1930s, with it’s expressionist camera angles, movements, overly dramatic makeup and lighting, fantastic subjects and the feeling of chaos, a sense that the world in spinning out of control. Many of these themes have seemed to have lasting impacts, and were characteristic of many Alfred Hitchcock films. While Hitchcock favored tight scenes, he still preferred to give the audience a sense of unease with his camera movements, creatures, and most definitely, chaos. However, it is certain that Hitchcock is more characteristically modernist, with his angles and restoration of the disharmony of his films. Film Noir is another genre that seemingly stemmed out of expressionism. The use of stark contrasts of shadows and the obscurity of faces and landscapes is showing of expressionist qualities. The disorientation brought on by the camera direction style also echoes the disorientation, which was popular in the movement. The protagonists seem to be flawed, which is also a mirrored quality, exemplified by the main character in Sunrise, who has no issue initially with his infidelity or thoughts of murdering his wife to be able to be with the Vamp from the city. The urban settings of Noir films also seem to be reminiscent of German film themes of the 1920s (Naremore 12, 26). In fact, one might argue that Film Noir is basically expressionism revisited, keeping in line with most of the expressionist qualities, save the more stark landscapes and police themed-ness of the melodramas. Modern day directors still use themes and techniques associated with the Expressionist movement. Most notably and obviously would be the ever famous Tim Burton, where commonalities and homage exist heavily. For instance, it can be argued that Gotham City in Burton’s creation of Batman was modeled after the city in Metropolis, and his theme of the corrupt city is reminiscent of Sunrise. It is hard not to see the similarities of the character Edward from Edward Scissorhands and the somnambulist from The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari from the inception of the character on the screen, in the major aspects. Most likely, expressionism will seep into cinema either subtly or overtly for many years to come. German expressionism can be seen as being the influencer of genres, groundbreaking creator of overly artistic production, and arguably the art of horror film. This movement itself has helped spawn the rise of other genres and movements, and has been looked upon for stylistic and creative (admittedly sometimes hyper-creative) reference in film genres in later years due to the innovation and canvas that was created in service of the period. Indeed, German expressionism is a major film movement which helped mold the face of early cinema, but one cannot contain the ideas and art that came from this movement into the years of the 1920s and 1930s as the impact it left is seen in many later genres and generations, the horror genre, film noir and modern day cinema.

Multinational Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Multinational Management - Essay Example is a market system, which greatly affects the operation of multinational companies, as they have to devolve more resources to the grass root level to satisfy the local consumption (Sage Publications, 2011). Market economic system on the other hand gets characterized by completion as each person does the best to suit the customers. Cumulative change in decisions by individuals seriously affects the operation of multinational companies as this affects the supply and demand of different commodities. In addition, the market economic system is influenced by tastes as preferences of customers, which vary with changing factors. This greatly affects operations of multinational companies. Various religious ethics affects the environment. To start with is the dominion of religions a factor, which guides where to sell a good and what type of good to sell. For instance, the Christian believers use the bible as their references book, which teaches them to be having dominance over the earth. According to western religions, the natural world exists for the benefit of human (Fernando, 2010). This calls for the existence of intrinsic values that affects the business environment. Apart from dominion stewardship, also exist as a dominant business philosophy. Religious people are regulated by their trust which item to buy and where to use it this greatly affect the business environment. The effects of education on multinational strategies are very diverse. To start with is the increased economic cost in implementation of extra education activities. An organization for instance can engage in education systems to create awareness among the employees on the use of computers. This will increase efficiency however the cost of education in such a scenario will be expensive thereby affecting international businesses. In addition, technological business advancements has been a leading factor that is affected greatly many business organizations. For instance, the introduction of e- commerce

Final Research paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Final Research paper - Essay Example The most common eating disorders are anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder, and the like. Eating disorder may affect both male and female (NIMH, 2011). The research, therefore, is about the factors influencing the eating disorders in both men and women in the society. Types of Disorders Eating disorders are common and treatable illnesses. They always go hand in hand with substance abuse, depression, or disorders of anxiety. If these symptoms of the eating disorders are not properly treated, they can pose a threat to life and, therefore, people with eating disorders need to seek medical attention or they are likely to die earlier than other individuals of the same age. There are different types such disorders: bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder, and anorexia nervosa. When people have anorexia nervosa, they think they are overweight when in truth they are clearly underweight. Weight control and eating food will always be an obsession. People with anorexia are alw ays seen weighing themselves frequently, measuring food carefully, and eating extremely small portions of food. People with this illness always engage in excessive exercising, inducing vomiting, and misuses of laxatives or enemas. People with anorexia nervosa are characterized by extreme thinness, intense fear of weight gain, distorted body image, low self-esteem, irregular menstruations (or lack of them) in young girls, and eating according to an extremely restricted diet. Anorexic individuals recover when treated properly. However, there are some who will always have relapses and some who have a chronic illness, so their health deteriorates overtime (NIMH, 2011). Bulimia nervosa is another example of eating disorder. An ill person regularly eats large quantities of food and is not able to control these episodes. The illness is often accompanied by such behaviors as self-induced vomiting, overeating, excessive use of laxatives, fasting, extreme exercises, or a combination of these behaviors. Bulimic individuals are usually healthy and have normal weight, but they desperately want to lose weight and are extremely unhappy about their body size and shape. They always perform these behaviors secretly, because they are shameful acts accompanied by feelings of disgust. The binge-eating has the following characteristics: sore throat that is inflamed, salivary glands that are swollen in the jaw area and neck, sensitive teeth that are decaying due to exposure to stomach acid, gastrointestinal problems, severe dehydration due to purging fluids, and electrolyte imbalance that may lead to a heart attack. The binge eating always occurs from several times a day to many times a week (NIMH, 2011). The final example of an eating disorder is the binge-eating disorder. An ill person is not able to control his or her eating habits. A person with the binge-eating disorder is often overweight or obese. Such a person is at a higher risk of developing cardiovascular problems and hig h blood pressure problems. This may result to a heart attack. These people always feel guilt, shame, and stress about their habits, which results in more binge-eating (NIMH, 2011). Risk Factors of Eating Disorders There are many factors that contribute to the development of eating disorders. They are sex, age, ethnic factors, socioeconomic factors, personality disorders and even emotional disorders. Weight, body image disorders and eve

Week 2 Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Week 2 Discussion - Essay Example The following discussion aims to identify the factors that act as reason behind the difference in the crude mortality rate of these countries. There are certain important factors that determine the difference between the crude mortality rates in different countries. These factors include the average age and structure of the population, the quality and standard of healthcare facilities, diet, nutrition and the level and prevalence of infectious diseases (Farmer, 2003). In case of Haiti and US, there is an obvious difference in the economic development level of both the countries and due to low economic position, the population of Haiti has little access of quality healthcare and safe drinking water. The prevalence rate of HIV AIDS and other infectious diseases is also very high in Haiti as compared with that of US (Robert and Nancy, 1996). The serious situation of healthcare in Haiti caught the attention of world community and there are some important initiatives taken by the international health organizations in collaboration with the government of Haiti that are intended to improve the healthcare situation through the tra ining of healthcare professionals and creating awareness among people (Deibert, 2005). The improvement in the level of the healthcare has the tendency to affect the crude mortality rate of a country. The interventions of United Nations brought significant level of changes in the healthcare situation of Haiti. Though the poor and densely populated country Haiti still needs lot of work in the field of healthcare (Deibert, 2005) but it is observed that the improvements in the healthcare facilities and awareness in people reduced the number of deaths and the crude mortality rate in Haiti became as low as 6 deaths per 1000 in 2000. On the other hand, in United States there is change observed in the age structure of the population that is also among the important factors determining the crude death rate. The rate of the younger population is

Golden Age of Hollywood Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Golden Age of Hollywood - Essay Example Katharine Hepburn was born in May 12, 1907, growing up in Hartford environs, Connecticut in a loving family, she attended her primary education at the Kingswood-Oxford School located in Hartford and later she attended college at Bryn Mawr. She in history and philosophy in the year and it is here she knew and later married Ludlow Ogden Smith, Katharine’s acting interest developed from college by participating in plays. Immediately after graduating, the next day she travelled to Baltimore where she met a producer, Eddie Knopf who cast her to play in various local routine productions. This marked as her start in professional acting and by 1928; she began to be known in Broadway in the plays like â€Å"These Days.† During this period, Katharine appeared in several plays but she developed a reputation of arguing with directors and was therefore, dismissed from several productions (Edwards 125).  Ã‚  Katharine’s success in the studio system came in 1932 when she play ed Amazon princess in a lead role in the play â€Å"The Warrior’s Husband.† George Cukor a director from Radio-Keith-Orpheum pictures was excited on how she played this role and decided to give her first role in a movie. She accepted to work with him and demanded a high salary in the film â€Å"A Bill of Divorcement† where Katharine’s performance was highly praised. She worked with Cukor in many other movies and therefore, raising to stardom. In 1933, Katharine won her first Oscar.... That same year she had an astounding performance as Jo in the successful screen adaptation of â€Å"Little Women.† Further, she had her second Oscar nomination in 1935 after appearing in the film â€Å"Alice Adams† and she became a rising star (Edwards 177). However, after her success, Katharine had a series of box-office failures threatening her career. The films â€Å"Spitfire,† and â€Å"Break of Hearts† in 1934 failed in box office while in 1935 â€Å"Sylvia Scarlett† did not do well. Further, â€Å"Mary of Scotland† in 1936 and â€Å"Quality Street† made in 1937 failed to succeed. It is was disappointing that even the film â€Å"Bringing Up Baby† created in 1938 that paired Katharine with the star Cary Grant as a comedy was not appreciated by the public although today it is honored as a comedy classic. In 1938, Katharine failures continued as she was voted â€Å"Box Office Poison† in 1938, which was largely because o f her reputation of failing to follow the behavior expected of super stars. She often refused to put on makeup, she wore trousers at the time when they were not fashionable for women, she did not want to give autographs or pose for photographs, and refused to talk to reporters (Edwards 224). Katharine fought to bring back her career success and she left Hollywood to find a stage project. She accepted an offer to star in Philip Barry’s play â€Å"The Philadelphia Story† that highlighted a character incorporating humor, aggression, nervousness, and vulnerability. She financed part of the play together with Howard Hughes and bought the film rights that were used in its creation. The play came out in 1940, it was an immediate success going for two fruitful tours, and Katharine

Olympic games Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Olympic games - Essay Example The aggregate tally of the individuals who watched London Olympics amounted to 219 million. Upon observation of this trend, the media house chose to maximize the hours of coverage. Therefore, NBC showed the London Olympics for a total of 5,535 hours (Moraes, 1). This exhibits the massive and rampant figure of persons watching the Olympics. The united Greeks were the historical perpetuators of the Olympics. Olympic Games had their foremost occurrence in Greece (Toohey, 11). Therefore, the Greece people were the custodians of this culture of games. From Greece, Olympic Games stretched to other parts of the globe. Therefore, Greece was the birthplace of the Olympic Games culture. Inhabitants of Greece cherished the Olympics immensely throughout the nation. Their Olympic events would register a very high number of attendance and attention from the public (Toohey, 12). Other nations therefore observed this culture and incepted it in their native calendars. Ancient Greece was therefore the initiator of the Olympic Games culture. Greece was the source of the Olympic culture from antiquity. In the ninth century BC, there was no other nation with the Olympics. Therefore, the ninth century BC marked the approximate era of Olympic Games culture initiation in Greece (Toohey, 11). These were the times of the Ancient Greece community. The Olympic Games were part of the Greece culture during these times. They were a portion of a sacred tradition called the ekecheiria. The sacred tradition was also called the truce (Toohey, 19). It would entail maximum observation of peace for the participants in the Olympic Games to enjoy a harmonious environment. The tradition also had an objective to allow foreigners into the nation and travel back safely. Due to this peaceful environment, foreigners would come to Ancient Greece; enjoy the Olympic Games and travel home safely (Toohey, 19). In 1896, the other nations realized the essence of the

Groundwater pumping Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Groundwater pumping - Essay Example The signing of three bills regulating groundwater pumping in California will promote the management of groundwater since they adopt a fee-based structure and impose groundwater-pumping restrictions (Nijhuis, 2014). The fee-based approach defines pumping fees and restricts pumping. We can manage groundwater pumping for future uses by adopting fee-based measures that entail levying fees for groundwater pumping. The approach will enhance efficiency in consumption by mandating water users to pay for water on a full-cost recovery basis. Moreover, we can use tiered charges and water markets to enhance flexible and efficient consumption among large water users. Apparently, the fee-based measure will promote efficient water use in most areas facing excessive groundwater depletion thus enhancing sustainable groundwater pumping (Nelson, 2012). Additionally, an increase in irrigation costs and prices in areas relying on groundwater pumping enhances sustainability and resiliency. Indeed, this will motivate farmers to adopt water management mechanisms (Wichelns, 2010). As such, this fee-based measure will promote management and improvement of groundwater pumping in the agricultural sector thus conserving groundwater for future use. Water agencies can also relate water prices to the changes in groundwater levels, which will allow them to charge higher water prices during drought thus promoting efficient use (Wichelns, 2010). Water agencies can sue the fee-based measure to charge high water prices to new investments relying on groundwater, which would discourage increased dependence on groundwater pumping. These measures can help in managing groundwater pumping for the future, for purposes of sustainability and resiliency. Blanco, H. (2012). Water Supply Scarcity in Southern California: Assessing Water District Level Strategies. Retrieved from http://sustainablecities.usc.edu/quicklinks/H%20Blanco%20WSSC%20Exec%20Summary%2012%202012.pdf Nijhuis, M. (2014). Amid

Interview of Friar Lawrence and Nurse Essay Example for Free

Interview of Friar Lawrence and Nurse Essay Judge: John Henry Lawrence enter the dock. Put your hand on the Bible and say after me, I swear to tell the truth, whole truth and nothing but the truth. I swear to tell the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth. The Jury are now open to ask you questions, you are bound by the book to keep to the truth. Jury: What was you relationship with Romeo? I have been a great friend of Romeo ever since he was a little boy. He has always trusted me and he told me things he would not have told to anyone else. Romeo respected me and took my advice. I blame myself for his death and I am very sorry. Jury: What part did you play in this tragedy? I tried my best to unite two people who were very much in love. Yes, I did perform the marriage ceremony but I did it in good faith, I never knew what atrocities it would bring about. I also tried to help Romeo and Juliet when they were in trouble. After Romeo was exiled I helped arrange his escape to Mantua, for, you understand it might be possible for them to meet there. When I gave Juliet the drug I thought that I was doing the right thing. She was in a mess, she couldnt tell her parents so with my knowledge of herbal remedies I supplied her with the draught. She would have taken her own life there and then if I had not. When Romeo was dead and Juliet would not leave him I deserted her. I could have saved her life I know but I was too cowardly to face up to my actions. Jury: What were your motives in this tragedy? I wanted to help a very good friend to be happy and preserve the marriage. I suppose I also hoped that performing this marriage ceremony would help unite the two sides from their conflict. Jury: Whose fault do you think the deaths are? I blame myself more than anyone else. I played the largest part, however, I suppose it would not have happened if there had not been many smaller things contributing. For example, if there had never been a conflict. Nobody was to know that it would end in death. Jury: What part do you think you were to blame for particularly? I was responsible for setting in motion a series of actions that lead to the marriage, the arrangements for the meetings and the drugs for Juliet. I didnt save Juliet from herself. Judge:John Henry Lawrence please leave the dock. Anne Falton please mount to the dock. Put your hand on the Bible and say after me, I swear to tell the truth, whole truth and nothing but the truth. I swear to tell the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth. The Jury are now open to ask you questions, you are bound by the book to keep to the truth. Jury: What was your relationship with Juliet? Well, I was almost like a second mother to her, I was her wet nurse you know, she born at the same time as my daughter Susan who passed away God rest her soul. I have looked after ever since. Juliet was always a very nice young lady never doing anything naughty. I was her closest friend she used to tell me all her secrets but she didnt tell me her plan before she died. Jury: What part did you play in this tragedy? I knew all the time that Juliet had gone off and married that Romeo, I never knew it would come to this. Romeo was a nice young chap as well. He wasnt as good-looking or as clever as Paris though, not at all, no! The only other matter I was involved in was organising Romeos night with Juliet, that took a lot of organising that did. Jury: What were your motives in this tragedy? All I wanted was to see Juliet happily married with a nice young man. I wouldnt have been persuaded to take part in this conspiracy but Juliet begged and begged me not to tell his Lordship. Jury: Whose fault do you think the deaths are? Not mine and thats for sure, I always said that, that Romeo would lead her up to no good, he looked nice and all that but he had a look about him. I think Romeo lead her into it, he always was the bad sort, coming from a Montague family and all that Jury: What part do you think you were to blame for particularly? It wasnt anything to do with me, if I had gone to his Lordship about the marriage shed have killed herself sure as sure, like the good Friar said she was going to Judge: Anne Falton, leave the dock. The Jury will now leave to come to a decision. 1 hour later: Verdict: Death by Misadventure.

Acc 556 Essay Example for Free

Acc 556 Essay Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: †¢University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. †¢Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Louwers, T. J. , Ramsay, R. J. , Sinason, D. H. , Strawser, J. R. , Thibodeau, J. C. (2011). Auditing assurance services (4th ed. ). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Mulford, C. W. , Comiskey, E. E. (2002). The financial numbers game: Detecting creative accounting practices. New York, NY: John Wiley Sons. Silverstone, H. , Sheetz, M. (2007). Forensic accounting and fraud investigation for non-experts (2nd ed. ). Pearson. Singleton, T. W. , Singleton, A. J. (2010). Fraud auditing and forensic accounting (4th ed. ). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. Wells, J. (2011). Principles of fraud examination (3rd ed. ). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. All electronic materials are available on the student website. Supplemental Resources Apollo Shoes Casebook Web-Based Version http://highered. mcgraw-hill. com/sites/0078136644/student_view0/apollo_shoes_case. html Week One: Overview of Fraud and Abuse DetailsDuePoints Objectives1. 1Identify the impact of occupational fraud and abuse on the organization. 1. 2Describe U. S. governmental oversight of accounting fraud and abuse. 1. Define categories of corruption. 1. 4Assess the types of accounting evidence. ReadingRead the section â€Å"Fraud Examination Methodology† in Ch. 1 of Principles of Fraud Examination. ReadingRead Ch. 10 of Principles of Fraud Examination. ReadingRead Ch. 16 of Principles of Fraud Examination. ReadingRead Ch. 4 of The Financial Numbers Game. ReadingRead Ch. 11 of Fraud Auditing and Forensic Accounting. ParticipationParticipate in class discus sion. See Policies2 Discussion QuestionsRespond to weekly discussion questions. DQ1 – Day 2 DQ2 – Day 4 DQ3 – Day 62 Individual Internal Accountant’s Report to ManagementYou are the internal accountant at a company that is preparing for an upcoming government contract bid. The management in your company is deciding if it is necessary for the company to perform a full financial status review prior to the bid. As an internal accountant, prepare a report for management that provides supporting information for a full financial status review prior to the bid. Write a paper of no more than 1,050 words that includes the following sections: †¢Section I: The effect of occupational fraud and abuse on the company †¢Section II: U. S. overnmental oversight of accounting fraud and abuse and its effect on the company †¢Section III: Potential corruption schemes to be aware of in the company †¢Section IV: Recommendation of types of accounting evidence and methods of gathering such evidence to support the financial status review Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. Day 714 Week Two: Fore nsic Evidence DetailsDuePoints Objectives2. 1Explain procedures for collecting accounting evidence. 2. 2Explain the use of sampling in performing an examination. 2. 3Evaluate accounting evidence using analytical and inferential tools. ReadingRead Ch. of Forensic Accounting and Fraud Investigation for Non-Experts. ReadingRead Ch. 9 of Forensic Accounting and Fraud Investigation for Non-Experts. ReadingRead Ch. 10 of Forensic Accounting and Fraud Investigation for Non-Experts. ReadingRead Ch. 11 of Forensic Accounting and Fraud Investigation for Non-Experts. ReadingRead Ch. 12 of Forensic Accounting and Fraud Investigation for Non-Experts. ReadingRead Module E of Auditing Assurance Services. ReadingRead Module F of Auditing Assurance Services. ReadingRead Module G of Auditing Assurance Services. ReadingRead the Apollo Shoes Casebook Road Map. ReadingReview the Apollo Shoes Casebook. ParticipationParticipate in class discussion. See Policies1. 5 Discussion QuestionsRespond to weekly discussion questions. DQ1 – Day 2 DQ2 – Day 4 DQ3 – Day 61. 5 Individual Procedures in Collecting Forensic EvidenceAs corporate controller for Apollo Shoes, you are tasked to find and explain any irregularities in the Apollo Shoes Case. Resource: Apollo Shoes Casebook Define the process you will use and address the following questions: †¢What procedures will you use to collect accounting evidence? †¢What sampling tools and techniques will you use for the examination? How will you use analytical and inferential tools to evaluate accounting evidence? Submit your assignment to the facilitator. Note. APA formatting is not required for this assignment. Use a title and reference page where appropriate. Consider using a checklist or flowchart to outline your process. Day 78 Learning Team Weekly ReflectionDiscuss this wee k’s objectives with your team. Your discussion should include the topics you feel comfortable with, any topics you struggled with, and how the weekly topics relate to application in your field. Prepare a 350- to 1,050-word paper detailing the findings of your discussion. Day 71 Week Three: Substantive Procedures for Cash Outflow Irregularities DetailsDuePoints Objectives3. 1Design substantive procedures for detecting irregularities in cash. 3. 2Design substantive procedures for detecting irregularities in accounts payable. 3. 3Design substantive procedures for detecting irregularities in payroll. ReadingsRead Ch. 2 of Principles of Fraud Examination. ReadingsRead Ch. 3 of Principles of Fraud Examination. ReadingsRead Ch. 5 of Principles of Fraud Examination. ReadingsRead Ch. 6 of Principles of Fraud Examination. ReadingsRead Ch. 7 of Principles of Fraud Examination. ReadingsRead Ch. of Principles of Fraud Examination. ReadingsRead the sections â€Å"Audit Programs† â€Å"Audit Procedures for Obtaining Audit Evidence† in Ch. 3 of Auditing Assurance Services. ReadingsReview the Apollo Shoes Casebook. ParticipationParticipate in class discussion. See Policies1. 5 Discussion QuestionsRespond to weekly discussion questions. DQ1 – Da y 2 DQ2 – Day 4 DQ3 – Day 61. 5 Individual CPA Examination ReviewResource: Week Three Student Guide Access the Wiley CPA Examination Review website from the link on the student website. Use the Week Three Student Guide to complete the Wiley CPA Examination assignment. Day 72 Learning Team Substantive Procedures for Cash Outflow IrregularitiesResource: Apollo Shoes Casebook Outline substantive procedures by using the Apollo Shoes Casebook for detecting irregularities in each of the following audit cycles: †¢Cash †¢Accounts payable †¢Payroll Design an audit program for the cycle in no more than 1,050 words. Consider using a checklist or flowchart to outline your process. Format your audit program consistent with APA guidelines. Day 712 Week Four: Substantive Procedures for Cash Asset Irregularities DetailsDuePoints Objectives4. 1Design substantive procedures for detecting irregularities in accounts receivable. 4. Design substantive procedures for detecting inventory irregularities. 4. 3Design substantive procedures for detecting irregularities in fixed assets. ReadingsRead Ch. 4 of Principles of Fraud Examination. ReadingsRead Ch. 9 of Principles of Fraud Examination. ReadingsRead Ch. 7 of The Financial Numbers Game: Detecting Creative Accounting Practice s. ReadingsReview the Apollo Shoes Casebook. ParticipationParticipate in class discussion. See Policies1. 5 Discussion QuestionsRespond to weekly discussion questions. DQ1 – Day 2 DQ2 – Day 4 DQ3 – Day 61. 5 Learning Team Substantive Procedures for Asset IrregularitiesResource: Apollo Shoes Casebook Outline substantive procedures by using the Apollo Shoes Casebook for detecting irregularities in each of the following audit cycles: †¢Accounts receivable †¢Inventory †¢Fixed assets Design an audit program for the cycle in no more than 1,050 words. Consider using a checklist or flowchart to outline your process. Format your audit program consistent with APA guidelines. Day 711 Week Five: Financial Statement Fraud DetailsDuePoints Objectives5. 1Analyze the relationship between financial accounting principles and fraud. 5. 2Analyze schemes used in financial statement fraud. ReadingsRead Ch. 11 of Principles of Fraud Examination. ReadingsRead Ch. 12 of Principles of Fraud Examination. ReadingsReview the Apollo Shoes Casebook. ParticipationParticipate in class discussion. See Policies1. 5 Discussion QuestionsRespond to weekly discussion questions. DQ1 – Day 2 DQ2 – Day 4 DQ3 – Day 61. 5 Individual Financial Statement Fraud SchemesYou are the investigator assigned to Apollo Shoes. Based on the nature of the company and the evidence provided to you, you must determine which financial statement fraud schemes would likely be present in the company. Resource: Apollo Shoes Casebook Identify potential financial statement fraud schemes by using the Apollo Shoes Casebook. Describe the types of evidence you would look for to determine whether fraud is occurring. Write a business brief of no more than 1,050 words that outlines how you will use the substantive procedures discussed in Weeks Three and Four to analyze potential schemes. Format your business brief consistent with APA guidelines. Day 720 Learning Team Weekly ReflectionDiscuss this week’s objectives with your team. Your discussion should include the topics you feel comfortable with, any topics you struggled with, and how the weekly topics relate to application in your field. Prepare a 350- to 1,050-word paper detailing the findings of your discussion. Day 71 Week Six: Examination Reporting DetailsDuePoints Objective6. 1Create documentation to present investigation findings. ReadingsRead Ch. 13 of Forensic Accounting and Fraud Investigation for Non-Experts. ReadingsRead the section â€Å"Attestation Engagements† in Module A of Auditing Assurance Services. ParticipationParticipate in class discussion. See Policies2 Discussion QuestionsRespond to weekly discussion questions. DQ1 – Day 2 DQ2 – Day 4 DQ3 – Day 62 Individual CPA Examination ReviewResource: Week Six Student Road Map Access the Wiley CPA Examination Review website from the link on the student website. Use the Week Six Student Guide to complete the Wiley CPA Examination assignment. Day 72 Individual Report on Financial Statement Fraud SchemeResource: Ch. 12 of Principles of Fraud Examination Choose one of the following financial fraud scheme cases from Ch. 12 of Principles of Fraud Examination. (You may also choose a fraud scheme case that is not in the text, with instructor approval. ) †¢Case Study: That Way Lies Madness †¢Case Study: The Importance of Timing †¢Case Study: All on the Surface Write a letter or memo in no more than 1,050 words to the organization’s management and communicate the examination findings explained in the case. Refer to this week’s assigned readings for assistance with formatting a letter or memo to management. Include the following in your letter or memo: †¢A summary of the matter under investigation †¢The scope of the examination †¢A summary of conclusions †¢The factors that aided the examination †¢The limitations on the examination Format your assignment consistent with APA guidelines. Day 78 Learning Team Weekly ReflectionDiscuss this week’s objectives with your team. Your discussion should include the topics you feel comfortable with, any topics you struggled with, and how the weekly topics relate to application in your field. Prepare a 350- to 1,050-word paper detailing the findings of your discussion. Day 71 Copyright University of Phoenix ® is a registered trademark of Apollo Group, Inc. in the United States and/or other countries. Microsoft ®, Windows ®, and Windows NT ® are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. All other company and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies. Use of these marks is not intended to imply endorsement, sponsorship, or affiliation. Edited in accordance with University of Phoenix ® editorial standards and practices.

Toyota And Lexus Pestel Analysis

Toyota And Lexus Pestel Analysis The purpose of this report is to conduct a strategic appraisal of Ebrahim Khalil Kanoo Group and assess the implications for the strategy of the company. To conduct these analysis two main stages will be taken into consideration. Firstly the external environment of the company that will focus on its wider environment by applying a PESTEL framework and Porters five forces that will lead on to identify key opportunities and threats facing the company. Secondly the internal resource capability analysis that will focus on the companies Recourse Audit and its value chain followed by a linkage of its Core Competency by applying the VRIN analysis, that will lead to an indication of the key strengths and weaknesses of E.K.Kanoo Group. For over a century, the Kanoo family has been one of Bahrains leading merchant dynasties. With business connections spanning the Arab world and South Asia from the days of antiquity even before the invention of the motor car the Kanoo name has for generations been a byword for trust, service, and dependability. In 1920, there were only two cars on the island of Bahrain, both owned by the Ruling family. Therefore in 1952 Ebrahim took the chance to established himself as a leading importer of automobiles and spare parts under the name Green Auto Stores, securing in 1966 the sole authorized distributorship in Bahrain of Toyota automobiles, industrial vehicles and related services. The Toyota Motor Corporation was founded in 1937 by Kiichiro Toyoda. The first vehicle, the Toyota AA, was produced in 1936 whilst the company was still associated with Toyoda. The brand as we know it became established as an independent company in 1937 and changed their name to Toyota. They opened their first factory in 1938 but it had to be cease production during World War II. In 1974, Ebrahims sons, Mohamed and Fuad, assumed responsibility for the day-to-day operations and strategic direction of the business, steering it into a new era. They formed the E.K. Kanoo Group of Companies. Focus was initially exclusively on the Toyota franchise, and this resulted in the establishment of one of the most sophisticated and successful automotive businesses in the region. In 1989 Toyota launched their new luxury product line Lexus and in 1990 the company was offered to become the sole distributorship of Lexus automobiles. Toyota is currently one of the largest corporations developing hybrid vehicles for the commercial market. Today, with more than 50 years of commitment to service excellence, E.K. Kanoo is universally acknowledged as one of the islands automotive pioneers of Toyota and lexus, developing and exceeding expectations in the automotive business. The next generation of the Kanoo family are now fully involved in the business and are building their careers, and expanding the business, in the founders footsteps. Further diversification expansion took the group into other business areas, building new companies with the same commitment to trust, commitment and dependability such as Kanoo IT, security 1, Kanoo Power solution. Kanoo IT in 1999 In 1999 Kanoo IT was launched as a division of Ebrahim K. Kanoo B.S.C.(c) which deals in A commitment to first-rate ICT product and service support that is reflected in its partnership with the leading hardware and software brands throughout the world. The changing face of the ICT industry drives Kanoo ITs strategy to provide industry leading products and services to its clientele in Bahrain. The company has geared itself to meet this challenge by offering an innovative range of products and allied services and being sensitive to the precise needs of todays customer Security 1 in 2006 In 2006 Security One was launched as a division of Ebrahim K. Kanoo B.S.C.(c). Which deals in a division of the Ebrahim K Kanoo Group of Companies that stands on developing and providing specialized solutions in the areas of Security, Fire, Safety and Automation requirements for all Governmental, Commercial, Residential and Industrial projects. In involvement with the foremost and established international product manufacturers in Security business, it has created a strong Competence Center in Bahrain with an professional experienced team of consultants and certified engineers, aimed at providing the most innovative and cost effective solutions, coupled with excellent customer support and after sales service. They develop, deliver and support the most mission-critical applications to meet the most stringent customer service requirements Kanoo Power solution in 2006 In 2006 the Kanoo Power Solutions was launched as a division of Ebrahim K. Kanoo B.S.C.(c) which deals in power products for industrial applications. It is the Authorised Distributor in the Kingdom of Bahrain for Exide Technologies and Chloride UPS Systems who are pioneers in their respective fields. Exide batteries have a design life ranging from 5 to 20 years and are available in both AGM and Gel technology. Exide Technologies is a Global leader in stored electrical energy solutions for all major critical reserve standby power applications and needs. Standby power applications include communication/data networks, UPS systems for computers and control systems, electrical power generation and distribution systems, as well as a wide range of other industrial standby power applications. Toyota Lexus PESTEL Analysis The first stage of the external environment analysis is through the PESTEL framework that helps E.K.Kanoo managers understand the big picture of the political, economical, social, technological, environmental and legal issues that they are operating within. (reference) Based on our research it has been recognised that they share the same analysis as the mother company in Japan but differ in some areas.(To be added) Political factors: impact on many vital areas such as the environment of the workforce, the humans health and the quality of technology such as hybrid system. Based on our research, Toyota have positive political impact. By producing the environmental friendly cars which use less gasoline and reduce dependency on petrol, Therefore, the country itself reduce the dependence of the petrol. On the other hand EKKanoo and its customers benefit from this issue as prices of full are much lower than Japan and the US. The dependence of the natural gas and oil from the foreign source will directly and indirectly affect one country economy growth and also the national security. Growth in the infrastructure development sector following the announcement of Qatar hosting the 2022 world cup and Qatar Bahrain causeway will revise the economy.(Economical factor) The social unrest continues to weigh heavily on the countrys political stability. People are not in a position to comfortably invest in expensive products. Economical factors: This includes interest rates, taxation charges such as the road tax, insurance tax, economic growth, inflation and tax incentive. In other words, the costs have to pay more for car users. Economy is also another impact to almost all countries around the world. The consumers start to choose the hybrid car based on the benefits of fuel savings over time which means the paid back. There had been a slight decline in sales of non-luxury automotive brands due to the political unrest and economic slowdown (2009-2011), but the figures this year reflect a positive outlook and the growing sales numbers will carry forward in 2013. Market share for Toyota has increased over 2011 which was lost due to shortage of stock and end of cycle models. High projected oil prices in 2013-17 will contribute to financial surpluses. Neighbouring GCC investments will increase due to huge petrodollar surpluses. Major projects have been declared to commence and be completed by 2013 2014. These projects are residential as well as industrial; with the potential of increased population and commercial activities that would generate higher sales of vehicles and equipment. Appreciation of Yen currency does not help in maintaining competitive pricing. Social factors: This factor takes into consideration all events that affect the market and community socially. Thus, the advantages and disadvantages to the people of the area in which the project is taking place also need to be considered. These events include cultural expectations, norms, population dynamics, healthy consciousness, career altitudes and global warming. Due to the climate change become a serious topic nowadays, Therefore EKK is importing vehicles from Toyota which adapt with GCC standards and environment also Toyota should produce a vehicle which it will not bring pollution to the environment. Very low dependence on public transportation system in Bahrain, therefore people prefer to own cars. Technology factors: New technologies create new products and new processes. Technology can reduce costs, improve quality and lead to innovation. These developments can benefit consumers as well as the organizations providing the products. Toyota plaza is one of the largest service centres mechanism in the world for Toyota and Lexus. Enterprise Recourses Planning (ERP) which have the latest version of oracle system. Legal factors: Organizations also have to adjust their products and ways of operating to the different regulatory and legislative framework that govern each of the products areas and countries in which they are active. Other than that, the programs also need to take into consideration. Organizations have to follow all the rules and regulations which are set by the governance even if there is new technology involvement, Electrical cars from Toyota which the company cannot import due to country economic growth issues. Changes of country importing rules and regulations can affect. Number of automobiles allowed into the country and yard parking cost. Environmental factors: include the weather and climate change. With major climate changes occurring due to global warming and with greater environmental awareness this external factor is becoming a significant issue for firms to consider. In Bahrain one of the GCC countries which have hot climate over the year.(to be changed). E.K.K have signed contracts with recycling companies to recycle all after service materials such as oil, tiers, spark plugs and packaging boxes. All imported cars are installed with an friendly environment exhaust system that reduces the amount of air pollution. Porters 5 forces As for considering the competitive issues the organisation faces Porters five forces helps identify the attractiveness of the industry it operates in and helps it understand the strength of the current competitive position.(reference) Power of suppliers The bargaining power of suppliers is low. There are various types of suppliers in the vehicles industry, including the cooling system, electrical system, braking system and fuel supply system distributed across the globe. EKKanoo became the sole distributor of parts and extended their car warranty to 4 years/150,000 KM with a 3 year free service package and built a good network of service and parts centres throughout the region. However, most vehicle manufactures own many interchangeable suppliers, and also have the ability to produce the components by their own in the short time. Thus, the suppliers do not own the power to change the price. Power of buyers The Bargaining power of buyers is high. Bahrain market continues to be price driven for most of the customers segments. Today, buyers have a lot of information channel, such as the internet, where can easily find the proper vehicle. And, the preferences of the private consumers are important to the vehicle corporations. If automobile Company increases one type, they can also choose other type or the cheaper one. Customers look for more discounts, free service packs and better financial schemes or they can easily find the substitutes. Such as used cars, trade in or exporting from other countries. Threat of new entrants The entrants cannot enter to the automotive industry easily, as automobiles are special products that require a large amount of money on the design, monopolize the market, electronic functions, and safety issues. And another important issue is the brand loyalty in the car market. Vehicle firms always benefit the brand value, and decrease the consumer sensitivity about the price. As EKKanoo has been the first automotive industry on the island and Toyota stands for Quality, Safety, Durability and Reliability; a benchmark in the automotive world customers have a strong belief in the brand and feel that Toyota is the most reliable brand in the automotive market and feel that it has become more advanced technologically with refined interior which reflect unrivalled elegance and exclusiveness. Therefore Toyota stands out as a high value brand and Low cost of ownership is associated with the brand. Rivalry among competitors The competition in the auto industry is strong. The top eight auto companies have occupy large part of global revenues, and these automobile manufacturers strengthened the globalization and consolidation across the worldwide range. Korean brands are proving to be a potential threat with the introduction of attractive design and features at competitive prices. This reflects their increase in market share over the years. Competition among the Japanese brands is intense, American brands will take advantage from the appreciated Japanese Yen and Chinese brands have started to show their presence in the market. With new models being launched in 2013 for the Toyota line up, Toyota would be able to dominate the market and emerge as the leading brand. Toyota will face intense competition from Nissan, Hyundai and Kia in the passenger segment, youthful and sporty brands will have more opportunity. Nissan poses to be the major threat for Toyota in Bahrain as they have an aggressive pricing strategy which is helping them to dominate the market. This is reflected in the increase of market share of Nissan over the years. Korean products have a more youthful and sporty design with added technological features at a competitive price. The main competitors of Luxes in Bahrain are BMW, Mercedes, Audi and Infinitià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. 5. Threat of substitutes The threat of the substitutes is high. There are a lot of substitutes in the automobile industry. When the price of the vehicles rises, the substitutes will emerge, there are many types of equipment that can take the place of vehicles, such bus, subway, bicycle and even walking. In Bahrain it is Low because of the hot clement it is hard for people to walk and ride bikes, low public transportation services as its a small island. Internal Environment Analysis Resource Audit: The next stage is to carry out an analysis of E.K.Kanoos internal resource capability by applying the Threshold and Distinction capability framework that will maintain a briefing of the resources available to the company and how they help them achieve competitive advantage and superior performance. Threshold Resources: Based on the analysis of E.K.Kanoo business field its Threshold Resources are the need of capital, showrooms, service garages, storage, logistics, land transportation, customers, suppliers, technical equipment, shop and garage equipment and staff personal to achieve its competitive advantage and superior performance within the market. Threshold competences: Marketing E.K.Kanoo has a high strategy of innovation therefore the need of marketing is highly recommended to launch its new automobiles, spare parts and accessories , for example handling the launch of 2013 models. IT systems Updated technologies and IT experts are crucial for the running of the business as without these, the organisation would not succeed as they have innovated the organisation with the Oracle system that will be explained farther along in the report . Distribution E.K.Kanoo has managed to lower the cost of distribution which is also a vital part of its business by having its storage spaces next to the automobile market and within its service centres. Competitor research Having an insight on what competitors are doing helps E.K.Kanoo achieve constant marketing innovation to continue making progress over its competitors.? Customer relations One of E.K.Kanoo distinct features is its Online and mobile Personalised Service that is arranged by the customer relations management department that is computerized System for Identifying, Targeting, Acquiring, and Retaining the Customers, helps in Profiling , Understanding Their Needs, and in Building Relationships With Them By Providing the Most Suitable Products and Enhanced Customer Service and also Integrates Back and Front Office Systems to Create a Database of Customer Contacts, Purchases, and Technical Support, Among Other Things. This Database Helps The Company in Presenting a Unified Face to Its Customers, and Improve The Quality of the Relationship. Recently they have introduced the customer online service appointment booking system that will ? Allowing customers to provide direct feedback and recommendations to them to increase company innovation and customer satisfaction? Distinctive resources: Location E.K.Kanoo has expanded from operating in the capital only to operating all around the Kingdom of Bahrain. Recruitment Staff are recruited based on the companys needs and is also task oriented, targeting experienced people with high talent and thus target staff working for well known companies such as ? Price -? Scale of business Moving from selling random automobiles only to covering all customer needs from all types of Toyota and Luxes automobiles, offering service packages, spare parts and accessories plus innovation by introducing .? Brand image -? Distinctive competence: Supplier advantage Amazons ability to source a different range of suppliers. Starting with Ingram books, the largest book distributor in the US, before going live online. After which Amazon built many different types of distributors, from the seller customers to book publishers. Building relationships with well known manufactures and brands along the way easing the launch of Kindle. Three pillar strategy Selection; by offering a wide selection of both luxury and passenger automobiles , Price; committing to price leadership with no sacrifice to quality by offering free shipping and on time delivery, Convenience; by dedicating many resources and building a customer relation management team to understand its customers needs and wants. Technology E.K.K enhanced its technology by launching the online service appointment and rent a car option on its website. Value Chain Analysis: Analysing the value chain will help describe the categories of activities within E.K.Kanoo which together creates its retail service. Support activates: Firm Infrastructure: E.K.Kanoo corporate headquarter is based in Manama the capital of the Kingdom and its showroom is placed in the middle of the automotive marked district, as E.K.Kanoo is a sales and after sales business they built a good network of service and parts centres throughout the region and expanded the service branches all over the main cities of Bahrain to reduce customer traffic and time consuming. Human Resource Management: Employees are an expensive and vital resource. EKKanoo manage recruitment and selection, training and development, rewards and remuneration. They consider their employees as HUMAN CAPITAL and this is mostly focused on the technical side as the select technicians based on specific sanders that enhance them to be sent for a two years secondment to the mother company in Japan to improve their talent management and implement it within the organisation. They also follow the team 21 technical training scheme the development of this new team curriculum was necessary to keep carnet with changes in the automotive industry and to take advantage of advanced training technology to better serve customers satisfaction, achieving high efficiency and quality work process in each service shop, is the main global of restructuring service training. The mission and objectives of the organisation is the driving force behind the HRM strategy. Technology Development: Technology is an important source of competitive advantage. Companies need to innovate to reduce costs and to protect and sustain competitive advantage. Therefore EKKanoo implemented its own Enterprise Resource Planning team that installed the Oracle system to the organization by liking it from its headquarters to all branches and department all threw the kingdom that could be modified based on the departments requirements as pear enhancement report that shows departments needs objectives of their requests besides to advantages and how it will impact the business, billet one of the largest and most advanced Toyota and Lexus service centers in the world called the Toyota plaza that is installed with the most advanced technology equipment that assures health and safety to both the environment and staff, increases service quality, equipped with the latest accidents repair and chassis alignment technologies, the most advanced painting systems and quality control t echniques are utilized in the Toyota Plaza. Kaizen continual development that calculates the utilization performance of all technical support that are engaged in the technical work field. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) ( ? ), and many other technological developments. Procurement: This function is responsible for all purchasing of goods, services and materials. The aims to secure the lowest possible price for purchases of the highest possible quality. Toyota motors will be responsible for outsourcing (components or operations that would normally be done in-house are done by other organizations), and e-Purchasing (using ITand web-based technologies to achieve procurement aims). Primary activates: Inbound Logistics: E.K.Kanoo invests in Research and Development to enable them to find new ways to improve their customer experiences and, taking into account customer feedback to understand their wants and needs before ordering any new vehicles. Operations: Operations include organizing and ordering the parts and accessories for new cars, and the final tune for a new cars engine. E.K.Kanoo are known for their reliability which comes from efficient operations. Therefore they always take into consideration the number of sales staff and technicians that are required to be trained to achieve organization and customer satisfaction during the sales and after sales process. Outbound Logistics: The goods are now finished, and they need to be sent along the supply chain to wholesalers, retailers or the final consumer. Toyota motors manage their own Showrooms in different countries. Toyota motors make their product easily assessable. Marketing sales: In true customer orientated fashion, at this stage E.K.Kanoo prepares the offering to meet the needs of targeted customers. Therefore they focus strongly upon receiving the ordered vehicles, coordinating the logistic yard, marketing communications, promotions mix and showroom display. Service: This includes all areas of service such as final checking, after-sales service, complaints handling, training and so on. E.K.Kanoo value their customers Support Activities.

Comparing Forgiveness and Marriage in Much Ado, Alls Well, and Measure

Forgiveness and Marriage in Much Ado about Nothing, All's Well That Ends Well, and Measure for Measure      Ã‚   Shakespeare never does manage to make the journey to the end of his comic plays an easy one for his characters or his audience, and as his comedies evolve, the journey becomes even more difficult. Tragic elements and more psychologically complex characters increase the intensity of the ending and often make a reader or viewer question if there will be a happy ending at all. Specific male characters in three plays act as impediments to this comic ending, often prompted by a villainous character and sometimes by their own doing. These men: Claudio in Much Ado about Nothing, Bertram in All's Well That Ends Well, and Angelo in Measure for Measure for various reasons are not ready for marriage or love. Living in a patriarchal society, they are often more concerned with fighting in a war or preserving male bonds than they are with being in love or being married. The problems that occur between the couples about to be married or just recently married are essential because these men need to grow up and become responsible. The only way to change them is to let them commit these harmful acts and realize the consequence. The women: Hero, Helena, and Mariana must be strong enough to forgive them for the hurtful acts these men have committed against them in order for some semblance of a happy ending to take place.    The "crimes" committed by Claudio in Much definitely requires a great act of forgiveness but Hunter feels that forgiveness is the essential element in this play. He point out that "the love of man for woman (but not of woman for man) is seen too frail an emotion to sustain the pressures that are frequently put... ...nter, "Forgiving Claudio"    Works Cited Dash, Irene G. "When Women Choose: All's Well That Ends Well." Women's Worlds in Shakespeare. Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1997. Friedman, Michael. "Male Bonds and Marriage in All's Well and Much Ado." Studies in English Literature 35 (1995): 231-248. ---. "'O, let him marry her!': Matrimony and Recompense in Measure for Measure." Shakespeare Quarterly. 46 (1995): 454-464. Hays, Janice. "Those 'soft and delicate desires' Much Ado and the Distrust of Women." The Woman's Part: Feminist Criticism of Shakespeare. Ed. Carolyn Ruth Swift Lenz, Gayle Greene, and Carol Thomas Neely. Chicago, Urbana, London: University of Illinois Press, 1980. Hunter, Robert Grams. "Forgiving Claudio." Twentieth Century Interpretations of Much Ado about Nothing. Ed. Walter Davis. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: 1969   

Its Time to Reform the Endangered Species Act Essay -- Argumentative

It's Time to Reform the Endangered Species Act In 1973, Congress passed the Endangered Species Act. The Act was passed in response to findings by Congress that growth and development were responsible for the extinction of species of fish, wildlife and plants. This Act was to provide programs to protect species identified as either endangered or threatened. It also mandated Federal agencies and departments to protect endangered and threatened species in their own operations, as well as work with State and local agencies to further promote conservation and protection of identified species. By the definition of the Endangered Species Act, a species covered by the legislation is either classified â€Å"Endangered† if threatened with extinction, or â€Å"Threatened† if in a state of decline that might place it on the endangered list. As of 23 March 2003, 1262 species of plants and animals were listed as endangered or threatened by the Endangered Species Act, with thirty-three species proposed for listing. To date, twenty-six species have been removed from the list, either due to recovery or the discovery of new information about their status, while seven were removed due to becoming extinct. THIRTY YEARS LATER: NEW LOOKS AT THE SUCCESS OF THE ACT There are concerns about the Endangered Species Act upon business, industry, and property owners, as well as Wildlife groups, about the effectiveness of the Act in protecting and restoring listed species. A report from the Ecological Society of America entitled â€Å"Strengthening the Use of Science in Achieving the Goals of the Endangered Species Act†, calls upon the Federal government to adopt a more-proactive approach in species preservation. They note that by the time a species... ... important. But anything worth doing is worth doing right. The Act should be reformed in a manner which will increase cooperation by all interested parties, and in doing so, help us reach the ultimate objective of the Endangered Species Act. SOURCES: Ecological Society of America, The. â€Å"Strengthening the Use of Science in Achieving the Goals of the Endangered Species Act† http://www.esa.org/publications/esarpt.htm National Endangered Species Act Reform Coalition http://www.nesarc.org/ National Wildlife Institute. â€Å"Conservation Under the Endangered Species Act: A Promise Broken† http://www.nwi.org/SpecialStudies/ESAstudy.html U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. â€Å"Endangered Species Information† U.S. Fish http://endangered.fws.gov/wildlife.html U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. â€Å"The Endangered Species Act of 1973† http://endangered.few.gov/esa.html It's Time to Reform the Endangered Species Act Essay -- Argumentative It's Time to Reform the Endangered Species Act In 1973, Congress passed the Endangered Species Act. The Act was passed in response to findings by Congress that growth and development were responsible for the extinction of species of fish, wildlife and plants. This Act was to provide programs to protect species identified as either endangered or threatened. It also mandated Federal agencies and departments to protect endangered and threatened species in their own operations, as well as work with State and local agencies to further promote conservation and protection of identified species. By the definition of the Endangered Species Act, a species covered by the legislation is either classified â€Å"Endangered† if threatened with extinction, or â€Å"Threatened† if in a state of decline that might place it on the endangered list. As of 23 March 2003, 1262 species of plants and animals were listed as endangered or threatened by the Endangered Species Act, with thirty-three species proposed for listing. To date, twenty-six species have been removed from the list, either due to recovery or the discovery of new information about their status, while seven were removed due to becoming extinct. THIRTY YEARS LATER: NEW LOOKS AT THE SUCCESS OF THE ACT There are concerns about the Endangered Species Act upon business, industry, and property owners, as well as Wildlife groups, about the effectiveness of the Act in protecting and restoring listed species. A report from the Ecological Society of America entitled â€Å"Strengthening the Use of Science in Achieving the Goals of the Endangered Species Act†, calls upon the Federal government to adopt a more-proactive approach in species preservation. They note that by the time a species... ... important. But anything worth doing is worth doing right. The Act should be reformed in a manner which will increase cooperation by all interested parties, and in doing so, help us reach the ultimate objective of the Endangered Species Act. SOURCES: Ecological Society of America, The. â€Å"Strengthening the Use of Science in Achieving the Goals of the Endangered Species Act† http://www.esa.org/publications/esarpt.htm National Endangered Species Act Reform Coalition http://www.nesarc.org/ National Wildlife Institute. â€Å"Conservation Under the Endangered Species Act: A Promise Broken† http://www.nwi.org/SpecialStudies/ESAstudy.html U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. â€Å"Endangered Species Information† U.S. Fish http://endangered.fws.gov/wildlife.html U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. â€Å"The Endangered Species Act of 1973† http://endangered.few.gov/esa.html

Does gay marriage threaten the family Essay

The question is clear does gay marriages threatens the family? To my belief yes it does with a capital Y. It is for a very simple reason that it nullifies the basic web of the society, the family. By the term alone, for instance if a two male person established among themselves what they so called â€Å"conjugal love or the so called domestic partnership â€Å"who would be called the mommy and the dad. If they have children by adoption or from the other partner would that child not be confused that his or her mom is physically and physiologically like his dad? In this aspect it also waters down the dignity of a man and that of a woman. For all we know yes we are created equal but were given recognition that each one has his and her role to play. And that part cannot be taken away by some whims of only few individuals. In fact, it is everyone’s concern to value his masculinity and for the woman her femininity. Those who can not recognize this fact is in no way no longer care for respect for the right reason. Ralph Wedgewoods justifications are like a mens rea. Justification does not eliminate one’s malicious act. He justifies gay marriages by attacking the evils in marriages. He could have forgotten that he is once a product of a basic family of a union between a man and a woman. Divorce, children born out of wedlock, abandonment, etc. are ills to our society but must not be taken into account that since we have this evil, marriage is doomed. In fact, a holy marriage is a sanctuary, a place where we could raise good citizens of the world. When love is lacking between a complete man and a complete woman, how can we be so sure that love between the same sexes is less chaotic? I do not deny the value of clean friendship here; same sexes could love each other in a platonic and respectful way. Giving into licentiousness already debases the human dignity, and that dignity is for everyone. Perfect union is only enjoyed by legitimate love. Anything outside of it is simply lust. And when lust diminishes convulsion of consciences regains unless that conscience has had hardened its heart not being able to conceive what is right and what is wrong. Maggie Gallagher’s discusses in her book â€Å"What is Marriage for? †. That gay marriage is nothing new. It could be accepted in Massachusetts and may infiltrate the 50 states of America. Marriage is defined as giving a legal ground for sexual desires of adult individual but it has more to offer. Well it is not simply institutionalizing a marriage and begetting children. It is beyond that. Moreover it is not only for the elite. But justice dictates that if a man and a woman can not properly raise a child it is better for him and her to live continence. Many have fallen into the ifs’ and buts’ of marriage, but if we could only look at one direction and try to research what it really mean to be. Finally, everyone could have a conclusion that marriage is never a license but more of a gift of faith and love. Matrimony is defined in the Humane Vitae (Human life) as Married love which is far from being the effect of the result of blind evolution of the natural forces in which husband and wife through mutual gift of themselves perfect themselves as one in cooperating with God for generating new lives. It is a love that is total. How many have come in to marriage without valuing this basic requirement? They are the ones on the event of sorrows of daily life ran away from their commitment. It is them who forget that married love is faithful and exclusive until death. They never thought that it is a real commitment and not just a sharing of domestic problems. â€Å"Marriage and conjugal love are ordained toward procreation and education of children which are the supreme gift of marriage. † (VI, 1968) This always includes responsible parenthood and the observance of the natural law. Marriage between same sex is not only a direct defiance to God’s will who have created the whole universe but a rendering injustice to ones self. A man with a common sense knew that anything unnatural is a hoax. Never would a man find complete ecstasy on any union that is filled with guilt and full of perversion. In Kerry Howley`s debate, she stresses more on the political side of the issue. The author could have forgotten one dimension of marriage. This social institution is not only bounded by a certain state but is treated more of a sacrament. The unions between spouses are not only by civil norms but out bounds the soul. Religion, the church, and God who created you and me have institutionalized marriage to be the seed of His elects. Here we are not negating the rights of lesbians and homosexuals, in fact our society of today are more civil with them and accepted them as creative and respectable individuals. But to carry on an error of licentiousness we are just debasing their human existence. There are always limitations where we can not be what we want but in the eye of a believer of truth he could see beyond even if his eyes are closed. Let consciences be heard and man will bend his knees, for all we know – something out there is of greater value, more precious than gold. Our soul and its eternal end.

Labour Welfare Reforms

How Successful were the Reforms of the Post War Labour Government 1945-51 in Solving the Social Problem that Faced Britain? By Nicole Anderson In May 1945, the coalition government that had steered Britain through the perilous days of the Second World War was finished. It was replaced by the Labour party who had the challenging task of rebuilding the country after the losses of the Second World War. The Labour government of 1945 made the first drastic steps towards the welfare state. William Beveridge had been commissioned to write a report on the causes of poverty and this became the basis for the Labour reforms.These reforms identified that there were five ‘giants’ of poverty (Squalor, Want, Disease, Ignorance, and Idleness), all of which would have to be defeated in order to eradicate poverty. The attempts to tackle these giants varied greatly in their levels of success and achievements of the aims to defeat poverty. Right wing historian Barnett criticised the Labour government reforms saying that â€Å"expenditure should have been focussed on the economy†, especially after Britain’s involvement and loss in WW2.Whereas, modern historian Martin Pugh defends these reforms arguing that the expense was worthwhile as the reforms dramatically reduced poverty and had a positive effect on the economy therefore stressing their importance. Therefore, I believe that it can be argued that the reforms of the Post War Labour government were successful in lessening the social problems that faced Britain through the tireless efforts of passing successful and adequate reforms.One of the five identified giants was â€Å"Want† which directly related to the poverty that was being experienced by Britain. Before, Britain failed to possess any sort of systematic security system and the few benefits that existed already were very selective and often means tested. However, in 1946 the National Insurance (Industrial Injuries) Act was passed which pro vided compensation for injuries at work. This was a successful improvement for social conditions in Britain as it was the first time women got paid the same rate as men.This was successful as it closed the gap between gender inequalities and also meant that women would also be able to pull themselves and their family out of poverty. In addition, the National Insurance Act of 1946 was also passed which was successful as it established the slogan of the Labour party â€Å"from cradle to grave†. It was one of its successes as it provided for all and all adults were involved – which can be argued again in strengthening the idea of equality among everyone.It covered all stages of life that before were described as a struggle and included maternity, sickness, unemployment benefits, a retirement pension and a death grant. This was a successful notion as now everyone was given the opportunity to receive â€Å"a helping hand† and therefore, it made it easier for families to lift themselves out of poverty and create a better standard of living for themselves. Similarly, the National Assistance Act 1948 was successful in reducing the levels of poverty as it acted as a safety net to meet the needs of those not covered by National Insurance.This again highlights Labour’s success in the field of reducing poverty as it encouraged and maintained the feeling of financial stability for the people of Britain, particularly of the lower classes – therefore boosting the success of the Labour reforms. However, on the other hand it can also be argued that its success is very limited as in theory; National Assistance was supposed to only act as a backup with most people being covered by National Insurance. However, this was not exactly the case and many were forced to apply for National Assistance which limited its success.In addition to this limitation, by the early 1950s, 68% of all National Assistance went to supplement pensions. However, since Na tional Assistance was still ‘means tested’ many old people were reluctant to apply for it! This limitation was due to the fact that they remembered the dreaded means test of the 1930s and it can be argued to limits its success as it meant this proportion of the populations remained unprotected and at a higher risk of poverty. Although, the opposite argument that it was successful essentially, should not be ultimately forgotten.In can be argued that these reforms were an improvement to the old social security system even though it can also be this new system could be expanded. Another argument that illustrates its blatant success is that the real value of pensions increased dramatically since the 1930s meaning that the elderly population benefited from it enormously. In addition, historians such as Pat Thane argue that the social security system was of real advantage to women and lower classes – this was particularly successful as it showed how beneficial it was i n their struggle to lift themselves out of poverty.Historian Thane wholly backs up this viewpoint by stating the social security system was â€Å"a real advantage especially of many woman and also those of the lower middle class† therefore showing how the success of it affected all ends of the social spectrum. However, the most important piece of evidence to suggest its ultimate success is that Rowntree did a second survey of poverty in 1950 and found that poverty in York was down to 2%, compared to 36% in 1936. Therefore, this significant decrease is simple evidence that shows the dramatic impact of the Labour reforms related directly to â€Å"Want†.Thus, it proves that in this sense these reforms were very successful. Disease was the second giant that was tackled and again, was arguably a reasonable success and even argued to be the â€Å"greatest achievement† of the welfare state. Beforehand, only less than half the population were covered by existing health insurance set by the Liberals in 1911. Those who were not covered still had to pay for a doctor at a great expense. In addition, hospitals still relied on voluntary efforts and therefore suffered as a result – these reforms were successful as they completely revolutionised this old system.The NHS Act was passed in 1946 but came into practise by 1948. It offered a full range of help; free treatment from GPs, specialists, free hospital treatments, free eye and dental treatments, spectacles and hearing facilities – this would have greatly increased the overall health of the nation which boosts its success as a reform. However, on the other hand it is important to remember that this health care reform was of an enormous expense, to the point that National Insurance funds did not cover it.This therefore meant that they had to backtrack on â€Å"free for all† and even had to place charges on prescriptions, spectacles and dental treatment which acts as its biggest limi tation as it slightly contradicts its original intention. However, even though this was the case millions of people continued to be treated and their health improved nonetheless which illustrates its success Right wing historians argue that the NHS was too generous in allowing to get free dentures and prescriptions, that there were too wasteful of resources.Furthermore, there still remains great historical debate that it seemed overgenerous for a country so recently battered economically by the world war. Critics similarly argue that the Labour government should have concentrated on the rebuilding of shattered industries than reforming the healthcare system so radically – Cornelli Bernett argues that the NHS was too expensive, and the government should have got the economy on track first. However, left wing historians argue very much in favour of it stating t was a radicalisation that was necessary to improve the health of Britain and that it is the government’s respon sibility to look after the health of it’s population. Also, it is important to remember that those who were treated would be able to return to work and by doing this, contribute to the recovering economy – in the long term the economy would put itself back on track by a healthy workforce. This reform can also be said to be a success as it provided a universal health service without any insurance qualifications of any sort, this shows its success as anyone could qualify for it, meaning anyone could be helped.However, the biggest factor that demonstrate its success is that the queues of people who claimed highlights the extent of the untreated problems – 8. 5million dental patients were treated in the first year and 5 million spectacles were issued. However, this can also be interpreted as people just being inquisitive or looking to get something for free though it seems much more pragmatic and concrete that it is simply illustrating the scale of the problem.Anoth er argument that shows its success is that it was free, so those who normally would fail to afford it had a chance to finally be treated, recover from their illness and pursue a career – earning a living, lifting them out of poverty and contributing to the economy.. Its success is based on the sheer amount accomplished from its start and therefore, it can be argued that again reforms in this area were of great success. The third giant tackled was â€Å"Ignorance† and focussed on the education of children in Britain. It can be argued that it was not the most successful factor although it cannot be denied that it did have some effect.The problems faced before these reforms were in need of fixing – education was disrupted by the evacuation during the War, as well as the training of teachers. In addition there was a shortage of schools; most were in a poor condition which meant the quality of education was directly affected. The Education Act 1944 raised the school leaving age to 15 which can be argued to be successful as it expanded its accessibility. A three level education of technical, grammar and secondary modern schools were created which can also be argued to be reasonably successful as it catered for the specific needs and learning styles of Britain’s students.The â€Å"11 plus† exam was created for this purpose which decided what type of school the child would attend. Its success can be determined as those who passed this exam, the system worked well for. It can be argued that this reform was successful as it offered working class children a chance to ultimately go to a good school and receive an education that would lead to a University degree and a better quality of life. However, the opposite argument suggests that these reforms were limited in success, especially those who failed this exam.Its lack of credit is measured in the fact these children were expected to leave school by 15, go into low skilled work and thous ands of children were basically trapped in a world of low paid work and inferior education – they were expected to fail. It was argued that it was unsuccessful as it was unfair to determine a child’s future at such a young age and ultimately, was not fair. The argument is that there was no equality of opportunity and 75% of pupils were classed as non-academic, completely diminishing the chances of going on to higher education.However, the failures of this reform were not its only aspects; it did have some positive effect on the education system. One of its most important successes is that it raised the leaving age to 15 meaning that education was prolonged for thousands, education was begun to be seen as a right. It also meant that more of an opportunity was given those from a poorer background to access education – this demonstrates its reasonable success. In addition, another great success worthy of noting is that emergency training schemes for 35,000 teachers were established.This is an important success as it generally raised the quality of education for pupils, improving their chances of better qualifications and extending their knowledge; a great success for their later lives. Another success is that free school milk was introduced which was beneficial as it provided nutrition for pupils also. Although this reform had obvious flaws it was accepted as a success due to the natural cause of post war problems; it was accepted that it would take a generation to solve these problems.However, it may also be suggested that Labour cannot actually take credit for any of this success as the 1944 Education Act was R. A. Butler’s Act who was a Conservative. It can be argued there is a fine line between how successful the Labour Government was in bringing these improvements to education when originally, it was not theirs to bring. However, the majority of their input was through implementing these successful changes so credit towards them t herefore cannot be overlooked. Overall, it can be argued that this reform was of limited success, especially considering the fact that Labour is a arty that stands for equality yet the whole new system of education was wholly divisive. However, it was not to the point where it can be classed as unsuccessful – it set the foundations for a fairer education system and was as successful as it could be considering the state of Britain after the war. The fourth giant was Squalor and focussed on the issue of housing and could also be argued to be a great success. 1945 saw overcrowding as a huge national dilemma, with approximately 750,000 houses destroyed during the War. There was also a desperate lack of workers and timber.There was also a significant population increase by 1 million so more houses were an absolute need. The government’s priority became to house the homeless and did so by building â€Å"prefabs† or â€Å"factory made houses†, as well as buildin g good quality council houses with low rents established through the Rent Controls Act. This was successful as it meant that everyone was entitled to a greater opportunity to own a good quality home for them and their family, and owning this was economically achievable through the low rent that was attached.However, critics may argue that houses were built on too high a specification and concentrated on quality rather than quantity. However, this viewpoint can be argued to be classed as over critical as in the long term these houses were of high quality and lasted longer which generally, is of better value for the government. Another limitation that could be considered is that possibly more houses could have been built if more responsibility had been given to the private sector.However true this claim may be, it cannot be denied that many houses were in fact built without the help of the private sector – between 1945 – 51, Labour built 1 million houses which helped gre atly in dealing with the housing crisis, again a major success. It is obvious that the Labour government were successful in focussing on building homes for the working class as 4 out of 5 homes built were council houses, therefore it contradicts the arguments that more houses should have been built as in itself this is a great achievement to accomplish housing on this scale.However, on the other hand there was still a considerate housing shortage in 1951 as well as long waiting lists for council houses. In addition, the 1951 census revealed that there were still 750,000 fewer houses than there were households in Britain. This was roughly the same level of homelessness as in 1951, clearly there was still room for improvement. Futhermore, historian Timmons argues that â€Å"traditionally, housing has been branded the welfare state failure of Bevan and the 1945 Labour Government†.Despite this, overall it becomes obvious to see that the new council estates still vastly improved t he state of crowded tenements and that millions of people were affected positively, even though these houses were still in a considerate demand many families housing conditions were improved. Although the record was not overwhelming it can be argued that Labour came close to its goal of 1945 in terms of the objectives of housing: quality and affordable working class homes Therefore, it can be concluded that reforms on housing can be deemed as successful as it paved the way for better housing reforms in the future.The last giant tackled was â€Å"Idleness† that promised jobs for all. There was a desperate need to avoid an economic slump after the war and the fear of unemployment levels returning to those of the 1930s pushed the government to take action. This was done by encouraging â€Å"full employment† and was generally done so by careful planning. Local authority spending was encouraged in helping people to find jobs and the government also had success in controllin g inflation with price controls and continuing rationing.This was all seen as successful as it helped thousands of families earn themselves an adequate living through receiving employment that was capable of lifting them out of poverty. Another argument that illustrates its success is that many historians such as Brooke claim that â€Å"This was Labour’s single most important domestic achievement† which shows just how highly he regards its success. In addition, this reform was successful at dramatically reducing unemployment.Bevan has previously said it was not possible to reduce unemployment below 3% yet this was achieved by Labour in 1946, which can be argued that this directly correlates to the success of this Labour reform. Another point that demonstrates its success is that Britain’s growth rates were better than America’s as a result, however it can be also argued that this was only because of the war there was a huge increase in the demand for Brit ish goods so Labour cannot take credit. There still remains an argument that whichever government was in power there would have been full employment, that it was a factor outwith government control.It can be argued that this is mainly due to the fact that world demand meaning that Britain could sell its exports. This was also accelerated by the fact that all countries needed to restock due to the damage of the war, therefore suggesting that the government did not have to create jobs itself. On the other hand, so much improvement in unemployment was achieved during this time that it seems only natural to credit Labour’s work as it was their action that ultimately was fulfilled.This was made even more impressive by a climate of crisis and diminished resources, a true success for the Labour government. Furthermore, economic historians tend to conclude that it was difficult to see how Labour’s performance could be improved upon. Thus, it can be concluded that Labourâ€℠¢s efforts to provide jobs for all was very successful. Overall, it seems obvious to conclude that the Labour Welfare reforms all had some sort of positive impact on Britain during 1945 – 51.However, it is important to consider that each reform varied in success and ultimately, some were more successful than others. The reforms dealing with poverty dramatically decreased the numbers of those living in poverty and helped families to claim benefits that were desperately needed; and thus may be deemed as a success if you consider the sheer amount of families that were helped. The NHS helped reduce the numbers of those who were sick yet at a great expense and so can be argued as less successful but still a great achievement for the Welfare state.It can also be argued that reforms tackling â€Å"Ignorance† were not as successful either with the controversial 11-plus exam yet the quality of education was still improved and the school leaving age was raised so it would be unf air to argue that it did not bring in some positive elements to the education system. Similarly, the issue of housing was addressed quite successfully with the problem of homelessness being tackled by the mass expansion of council housing estates. The success of reducing unemployment was noticeable also with the lowest figures of unemployment Britain had ever experienced.Therefore, it can be seen that the Labour Welfare reforms were mostly of great success with the exception of the need of a fairer education system. However, it can be clear to see that all the successes that each reform brought definitely affected millions of the British public in terms of improving health, housing, education, employment and general standard of living. Overall, despite all the problems that Britain faced after the war, Labour completed the Welfare State and successfully managed full employment, thus proving that their reforms were of great success in solving Britain’s social problems between 1945 – 51.